Ghana in Focus Special: Celebrating Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day: Why Nkrumah NEVER dies!

This special episode of "Ghana in Focus," celebrates the 115th birth anniversary of Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana's first president and a pivotal figure in the nation's history. Nkrumah's influence extends far beyond Ghana's borders, making him a monumental figure in the Pan-African movement. We delve into his journey, visionary projects, and his lasting impact on Ghana and the broader African continent.

Nkrumah was born on September 21, 1909, in Nkroful, a small town in the western region of what was then known as the Gold Coast. Initially aspiring to become a Catholic priest, Nkrumah's life took a transformative turn when he met Nigerian Pan-Africanist Nnamdi Azikiwe. This meeting ignited Nkrumah's passion for Pan-Africanism, steering him towards a path of anti-colonialism and national liberation.

Nkrumah's academic journey took him to Lincoln University in the United States, where he was exposed to the harsh realities of anti-black racism. During his time in America, he connected with prominent Pan-Africanists like CLR James, Eric Williams, and George Padmore. The teachings of Marcus Garvey, particularly "The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey," profoundly shaped his ideology, fueling his commitment to Pan-Africanism

Nkrumah's return to Ghana marked the beginning of a transformative era. He spearheaded several groundbreaking initiatives that laid the foundation for modern Ghana. One of his most notable achievements was the construction of the Accra-Tema Motorway in 1961, a significant engineering feat that predates Britain's M1 motorway. 

In addition to infrastructure, Nkrumah made substantial contributions to education. He established the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, emphasizing the importance of science and technology in nation building. His efforts extended to the creation of numerous schools and vocational colleges, ensuring that education was accessible to all Ghanaians.

Nkrumah's vision also included pioneering efforts in renewable energy. The construction of the Akosombo Dam in 1964 was a landmark project that provided cheap electricity not just for Ghana but for the entire West African region. This initiative underscored his forward-thinking approach to sustainable development.  In addition to this Kwame Nkrumah established over 450 state owned enterprises including Ghana Airways that catered for the needs of the people.

Despite these colossal achievements, there are some in Ghana including President Akufo Addo who want to tarnish this huge legacy by implying that Kwame Nkrumah IS NOT the founder of modern day Ghana amongst other petty nuances.  The reality is that Kwame Nkrumah IS THE founder of Ghana and his  legacy lives on - NKRUMAH NEVER DIES!

Chapters

• 0:04 Ghana in Focus
• 20:23 Kwame Nkrumah's Legacy in Ghana

Transcript

Speaker 1: 0:04

Welcome to this week's edition of Ghana in Focus. Myself Kwame, ghanaian broadcaster, writer, journalist, podcaster and entrepreneur. And in this week's edition of Ghana in Focus is a special Nkrumah never dies celebrating Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day, which is on Saturday, coming 21st of September, marking the 115th anniversary of the birth of the great man, asajafo Dr Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of Ghana. So we'll be talking about why Nkrumah never dies, and that is the theme for this week's edition of Ghana in focus. So let you know that if you like what you hear, please share to your friends, family, social media networks, please subscribe to Ghana Africa in focus on on YouTube, and we want to get as many subscribers by the end of the year. So please subscribe on YouTube to Ghana Africa in Focus. Hit the notification bell, meaning that every time I upload a new content, youtube will notify of that to yourself. Again. Ghana Africa in Focus is available on Spotify. We are trying to get 800 followers by the end of the year. We've got 530 subscribers or followers on Spotify, so thank you very much to all those who have subscribed to Ghana Africa in Focus on Spotify. Again, if you want to subscribe to Ghana Africa in Focus on Spotify, look out for Ghana Africa in focus on Spotify. Again, if you want to subscribe to Ghana Africa in focus on Spotify, look out for Ghana Africa in focus on Spotify and click the follow button, meaning that Spotify will notify you every time I upload a new podcast, all right.

Speaker 1: 1:58

And if you want to do any business in Ghana you buy land, buy property, you want to start a business we can make a package for you. We do have a consulting session that we do. We do a half hour briefing for $20 for that half an hour, or we do an hour full consultation and that's for $30, whereby we sit down with you and discuss what your aims and objectives are of wanting to relocate or do business in Ghana. Ok, so if you want to book your session with ourselves we've got more than 10 years experience doing business in Ghana Then I'll leave you my email address at the footnotes to the show and you can book your consultation with myself, all right. So we've got some interesting features coming up for the next few weeks.

Speaker 1: 2:50

So latter part of September we'll be looking about relationships in Ghana. We've had various very interesting debates about relationships in Ghana, so we'll be talking to you about why marriages are fine in Ghana at a rapid level. And also we'll be talking to you about should the man help a woman when they're married. So that's to come in September. Also, in October we'll be having diaspora conversations with some people from the diaspora who left the diaspora and have now returned to Ghana to settle and do business. In November. We've got a special looking forward to the election in December, so we'll be telling you about that and also we'll be, you know, probably coming in by the end of, you know, november. Some business opportunities they can tap into in ghana. And also, uh, first couple weeks in december we'll be looking about tourism in africa because we want to help uh, you know, boost tourism in africa. Africa is a massive content, lots of say and do, but oftentimes, you know when, particularly in the west, when you want to book your holiday for Christmas or you want to get away for, you know, for January, skip the cold. You know they don't tell you about Africa. So we will tell you about some places in Africa to go to during the Christmas and New Year period. So that's coming up in Ghana. Struck, advocating Focus over the next couple of months or so.

Speaker 1: 4:28

Let's get into today's podcast looking about why Kwame Nkrumah never died. So Kwame Nkrumah was born in Kroful, a small town in the western region of Ghana, then called Gold Coast western region of Ghana, then called Gold Coast, on September 21st 1909. And so you know, he studied in Ghana. In actual fact, he wanted to become a Catholic priest and was wanting to study going to a priesthood. However, during his studies in Ghana he met a Nigerian man called Nnamdi Ezekweli and he introduced Nkrumah to the ideas of Pan-Africanism. And a lot of people actually didn't know that. A lot of people thought that Kwame Nkrumah had his actual Pan-African teaching in the US. No, this great Yoruba man, I think it was Yoruba, maybe Igbo, but definitely Yoruba or Igbo. Namdi Zikwe, you know that chance meeting with you know Namdi Zikri, you could say changing Nkrumah's life forever.

Speaker 1: 5:47

Because Nkrumah, because of the influence of Namdi Zikri, then became to involve himself in Pan-Africanism. So when he won the scholarship to go to study at Lincoln University in the US, that deepened in the most, first for the ideology and the nuances of Han Africanism. And it is there in the US, where, a he saw first hand the anti-black racism that many Africans in America are facing, b that he met great luminaries of Pan-Africanism the likes of CLR James, the likes of Eric Williams, who later became Prime Minister of a newly independent. In Tobago, he met George Padmore and many other luminaries of Pan-Africanism.

Speaker 1: 6:59

It was also while in the US that Nkrumah also began to read books by many Pan-African activists, prominent of which was the Right Honourable Marcus Mazayeghavi. And Nkrumah often stated that of all the books that he read during his sojourn in America, no other book fired him up than the Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Mazzai Garvey. And I urge you all, listeners, to get a copy of that book. And you know, try and read it for yourself to see why Nkrumah was highly influenced by the teachings in that great book called the Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey. And so Nkrumah, you know, became really, really armed with the whole sort of knowledge and the ideology of what pan-Africanism is all about. So that during his stay in America he began to be involved also in community politics or local politics.

Speaker 1: 8:30

And when he left, you know, america, he then went to the UK in the sort of early 1940s this is just before the end of the second European tribal war, so called World War II. So when Nkrumah was in London he was very, very politically active, to the extent that he was, you know, I think, general Secretary of one of the African unions there and he was also General Secretary of the Pan-African Congress who were very, very instrumental in setting up what was a milestone in contemporary African politics when they organised when Nkrumah helped to organise the Pan-African Congress of 1945 and that Congress basically became a carrying call to decolonize Africa of white supremacy or white terrorism or white domination. And so this podcast essentially is about why incriminator never dies. So I'm just giving you a bit of background as to the man, where he was born, what he did before he came to America, what he did when he was in America and what he did when he left America to obviously use that in quote ammunition from that Pan-African Congress in Manchester in 1945 to come to Ghana to help in the struggle for, you know, ghana's independence, and that struggle for Ghana's independence was like a model, like a template that would be replicated across the African continent. But I'll come to that in a minute. But, like I say, essentially this podcast is why Nkrumah never dies, and the reason for that is because there are people in Ghana, particularly those who are aligned to the current president, nana Addo, akufo Addo and the Chebi Mafia. You know various people want to. You know, rubbish the achievements of Kwame Nkrumah and state, for even one kind of crazy assertion, that Kramen Krumel was not the founder of Ghana. Yeah, so let's deal with that before we go deep into this. So the idea and he puts it in a Akufo-Addo President of of Ghana puts it that not one man founded a country, which is true because Nkrumah alone.

Speaker 1: 11:33

Nkrumah himself was not the only one who was involved in the struggle for the liberation of Ghana. However, he became the figurehead of the independent struggle for Ghana, particularly when he formed the CPP in Sopan in 1949, because of disagreements they had with the United Girl Corps Convention, the UGCC, who actually invited him to come to Ghana to help them, you know, in the struggle for emancipation. Because those founders of the United Local Convention, which is today's MPP, the government body in Ghana, they at the time were very, very bourgeoisie you could say bourgeoisie negroes, uh, educated lawyers who were not able to reach the masses. And so when these uh luminaries like paragrand, who actually funded yeah, he was a timber merchant in Ghana and became a very wealthy man he used his money to actually conceive and finance the United Gold Coast Convention so Paragrant. Jb Dankwa was Akweje, edward Okufwado, obechebeet Lamte and there's one other elder. Those were prominent members of the United Glorious Convention. They saw what Nkrumah did, particularly in the UK and London, and they invited Nkrumah because he had those organisational skills and the ability to capture an audience, because of the huge encouragement that Nkrumah had. Nkrumah was a very charismatic man, something that they lacked, and so they invited Nkrumah to come to Ghana in 1948 to help with the struggle to liberate Ghana from British white domination. And so there are some within that tradition who are now in government today, the cheby wing of the new patriotic today, you know the, the chubby wing of the new patriotic party, mpp.

Speaker 1: 14:11

To say that Nkrumah was not the founder, you know, of Ghana, that's not to say that you know Nelson Mandela. It wasn't Nelson Mandela alone that gave freedom for South Africa, but Nelson Mandela became the figurehead of the liberation struggle in South Africa. Yeah, martin Luther King was not the first one to, you know, call for freedom for Africans in America. There were other people before King, but King became the figurehead of the civil rights struggle for equality, justice and freedom for African Americans. Again, you look at somebody like India, gandhi. Gandhi was not. You know the people before Gandhi who were part of the struggle for India, you know, becoming independent from British colonial rule. But Gandhi became the figurehead of the struggle for Indian independence from British colonial rule.

Speaker 1: 15:18

And so in Krumah yeah, we all know, in Krumah was not, you know, because you can go back as far as even the bond of 1844, where you know there are cans particularly there are Santas for the British of a hundred year war. Yeah, and that bond of 1844, you could say, was the start of the liberation struggle in Ghana, of the liberation struggle in Ghana. But how far do you want to go? But my point is you know Nkrumah, whether you like it or not, whether you accept it or not, whether you believe it or not, but the actual truth is that Nkrumah, he became the figurehead for Ghana's liberation, yeah, and so it's very, very important that we underscore and emphasize that need because, like I said, there are others, yeah, particularly the Chebi Mafia in the current government, who want to rewrite Ghana's history, to seek their own political agenda, and so it's very key that people who are not necessarily Ghanaian understand that Kwame Nkrumah is the founder of Ghana. And so why Nkrumah never dies is because the ideology that Nkrumah had, not just for Ghana but the whole African continent, is very alive today. It's even more important today than it was, you know, in the 80s and 50s or the late 40s and 50s, when Kwame Nkrumah was fighting for Ghana's liberation as well as Africa's liberation. And I'll come into Africa's liberation and why Kwame Nkrumah played the pivotal role in that in a minute.

Speaker 1: 17:16

But you know Nkrumah's ideology right of Nkrumahism, and Nkrumahism, you could say, is an offshoot of Marcus Garvey-Garveyism and also Pan-Africanism, with Nkrumah's blueprint or black print on it. And so what Nkrumah stood for was that the black man, the African, has a right to manage his own affairs, free of colonial influence. The black man, given a chance, is more than capable of managing his own affairs. The black man, the black woman, must be custodians of their own destiny. The black woman, the black man, must self-determine their own destiny. Yeah, and within that you get the trickle-down effect of, like you know, doing for self, having your own system of independence, having your own system of education, having your own system of independence, having your own system of education, having your own system of cooperative working together, so-called economics, having your own system of healthcare, etc. So this is what Kwame Nkrumah stood for and this is the model and template of which Nkrumriminism is built.

Speaker 1: 18:47

Yeah, and when we look at the things that incriminated for Ghana and there are many, many things that incriminated for Ghana If I mentioned all of what he did for Ghana, we'll be here to you know next year. But for the benefit of those listeners who want a detailed description of what Krabi and Krumer did for Ghana because I'll go into some in a minute I did the Legacy of Krabi and Krumer, volume 1, volume 2, that you can get in the archive of Ghana, african Focus. That goes into deeper, deeper, what Krabi and Krumer actually did for Ghana and for the African continent as well, into deeper, deeper, what Krabi and Krumer actually did for Ghana and for the African continent as well. But for those who may be new to the podcast, yeah, let me give you a flavour of what Krabi and Krumer did for Ghana, because there are many people today, even today in Ghana, who believe that Krabi and Kooma didn't do anything for Ghana, despite all the evidence to the contrary. There are some people in Ghana who have the opinion that KwaBingKooma did not do anything for Ghana. So this is why it's important as a journalist, as a historian, to set the record straight and make people aware, make people understand understand what Kwame Nkrumah did for Ghana. So I'm going to mention a few things what he did for Ghana that are still in Ghana today.

Speaker 1: 20:23

So, for example, the Accra-Tama motorway yeah, to connect the port city of Tema with Accra, the capital, and also other parts of the country. That motorway was built in 1961. Two years before Britain built the M1. That's how far advanced common criminal was Building a motorway in an African country. Yeah. And, by the way, that motorway is still there, even though it's had some very, very bad works done to it, some very, very bad portals and that kind of thing. Right, the original part of the original design is still there, more than 60 years after it was first built by Nkrumah using Ghanaian engineers. So that Crater and Motoway was not built by no Europeans, no Indians, no Chinese. This was built by Ghanaian engineers.

Speaker 1: 21:23

Yeah, again, you know, kwame Nkrumah built the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, a fantastic edifice, yeah, which had as its core science and technology, because Nkrumah understood the importance of science and technology to the development of a newly independent country. Again, kwame Nkrumah built the Tama municipality. Tama was a bush. Yeah, and also, while we're on Tama, do you know that Temma's in the Bible, what is called the Bible? Temma is in the Bible, you can google it and look for yourself. But in Korea they built a city from scratch. Temma was bush and they built a modern city from scratch with first class road underground drainage system, with first-class road underground or drainage system, electricity supply. And also, tama became key for two things he made it an industrial area at the heart of Ghana's industrialising programme. So many factories and enterprises were built in Tama. And secondly, one of the biggest ports in West Africa, the Tama Harbour. Tama Port was built by Nkrumah in Tama.

Speaker 1: 22:55

Yeah, again, kwame Nkrumah was thinking 50 years forward. We know now, today people talk about renewable energy, but Kwame Nkrumah was talking about renewable energy more. Thaname Ntukuma was talking about renewable energy more than 60 years ago. That's why he built the Kwame Nga atomic energy reactor. Yeah, because that atomic energy reactor's purpose was to elicit atomic energy. Yeah, to feed Ghana with renewable energy, aside from the Okunsempa Dam and I'll come to that also in a minute. So Kwame Nkrumah built an atomic energy reactor so that Ghana could harness energy from the atomic atoms and protons and neutrons that came from atomic energy. Atoms and protons and neutrons that came from atomic energy. Ukruma also built the innovative and groundbreaking Akosumbwa Dam in 1964 to supply not just Ghana but the whole West Africa with cheap electricity.

Speaker 1: 24:08

Again, kwame Nkrumah built Ghana Airways. I think it was the second airline after the Ethiopian Airlines to operate anywhere in Africa. Ghana Airways, kwame Nkrumah. Yeah, kwame Nkrumah also established the Ghana Broadcasting Company to bring about a cultural revolution, a cultural change in the mindsets of Guineans, and so the whole purpose of GBC was to Africanise and Guineanise the mind of the Guinean. So you know he had things like art programs, cultural programs in the indigenous languages, you know radio programs, you know counterfeits programs, etc. To engender the spirit of Ghanianism and Pan-Africanism in the population.

Speaker 1: 25:10

Kwame Nkrumah also built more than 500 factories in Ghana alone that met every need of the Ghanaian. So just to mention some of his industries, he built a pharmaceutical ring called Gihok. I think it was Ghana Industrial Holdings Company, gihok. So Gihok had a pharmaceutical ring. So rather than Ghana importing medicine, like it does today, ghana would make its own medicine for its own condition. Yeah, and as you saw with COVID how it is important that you have health security, ie, you're in a position to actually create your own medicines, rather than be at the whim of others to bring you their medicine, which is often poison. And so Nkrumah understood that the healthy people will make a healthy nation, which is why he created the Gihok pharmaceutical ring to make our own medicines.

Speaker 1: 26:20

Again, nkrumah built the rubber tire factory Bonsa in the Western region. So, rather than importing tires, as we do now in Ghana, kwan Min Kumu had the foresight that we need to make our own tyres for our own condition, for our own climatical conditions, and so we set up about building the Bonsa tyre factory as well. Again, kwan Min Kumu understood the need of education. So Kwame Nkrumah set up more than 100 schools, vocational and technical colleges across Ghana. He understood that teachers would need to be taught in those colleges, so he set up the Teaching Vocational College at Winneba, in the Central Region, to teach the teachers of the future.

Speaker 1: 27:13

And lastly Because I can go on about this all day Crime and Criminals set up the Bank of Ghana yeah, as part of its you know Economic, economic strategy. So what, why I'm saying this? Is that Many people, even Ghanians, who are born in Ghana, you know, and Ghanians. So what, why I'm saying this is that many people, even Ghanaians who are born in Ghana, you know, and Ghanaians today, around today, they don't know of the true legacy and what Kwame Nkrumah did for Ghana. So what I've just touched upon is like a tip of the iceberg of what Kwame Nkrumah actually did for Ghana. And, like I say, if you want to know a bit more deeper as to what Kwame Nkrumah did for Ghana and Africa, yeah, then you can check out the legacy of Kwame Nkrumah, volume 1 and volume 2, in the Ghana African focus archive. Now again, you know.

Speaker 1: 28:08

So this is what Kwame Nkrumah did for Ghana and a lot of what he did is still there today in Ghana, like the Accra Telamoto way, like some of those factories that he built, like the in some canneries, still there. The Telma community is still there, telaport is still there, a lot of the roads that he did is still there, you know. The University of Science and Technology in Kumasi is still there and many, many other initiatives and enterprises that he built are still there, that Ghanaians take for granted but not knowing that those enterprises were actually done by Kwaimungkomo. And before I go on to what he did for Africa, even some of the estates, particularly in Accra, where people live today, right, those estates like cantamance, the extension of cantamance, laboni, kanda, april residential area, and there's one more that he did In Accra all those estates in Accra were actually built by Kramer and Kramer, yeah, aside from the Tama municipal community that he did also. So Kramer did a lot for Ghana. Now, what he did for Africa is also very, very groundbreaking as well. So the model on which he was using to build Ghana was going to be the model for many African countries. In actual fact, in 1958, at the first All African people's conference in Accra, he invited people like Patricia Mumba, nelson Mandela, jomo Kenyatta, amir Kabal and other african freedom fighters, yeah, and gave them like a two-booker handbook in which they could use for their fight against white domination, white terrorism, in their respective countries. Again, the drive Donnie Kramer had because of his understanding and overstanding of the ideology of Pan-Africanism, the drive that he had enabled others like Lumumba, like Sekuture, like Amir Kabrao, like Jomo Kenyatta, like you know, and even later on, robert Mugabe, to attain, uh, physical independence for their respective countries, physical independence for their respective countries. Nkrumah was also very instrumental in the formation of the organization of African unity, today's so-called African union.

Speaker 1: 31:13

Nkrumah was long, long before Qaddafi. Say, people talk about Qaddafi or champion Africa, this, that, that and the other, but Kwame Nkrumah talked about African central bank, one African army, one African currency, one African trading block, etc. Long, long, long, long before Gaddafi. This was even when Gaddafi was in his shorts and Khurram was talking about all this have the African single bank, have the African single currency, have the one African army, have the one single trading block. This is all in Khurram's templates that now, having one African army yeah, having one, you know, single training bloc, this is all Nkrumah's templates that now you could say have come to fruition, apart from the central bank in the real term, and also the African army. But this is what Nkrumah envisioned.

Speaker 1: 32:09

And so you know, without Krami Nkrumah envisaged, and so you know, without Kwame Nkrumah, there wouldn't be a struggle on the African continent. And so the likes of Patrice Mumba, the likes of Amir Cabral, the likes of Sekou Toure, the likes of Nelson Mandela, the likes of Julius Nyerere, etc. Those people who led their country to freedom, if it wasn't for Nkrumah, that would not be the case. And so we see how Nkrumah never dies because of the legacy that is given to both Ghana and Africa, and it's very, very important that people understand this legacy that Nkrumah has for Ghana and Africa and it's very, very important that people understand this legacy that the Nkrumah has for Ghana and Africa. Yeah, and so today, what we see in Burkina Faso with the likes of Ibrahim Tahore, we see in Niger, we see in Senegal, we see in Mali and we see in Guinea, we see in Senegal, we see in Mali and we see in Guinea-Bissau, that is a reawakening of this bit of incriminism, because what those Falcons are doing is, a fighting against European domination, b taking the death into their own hands and, more importantly, showing to the world that the African is capable of minding their own affairs. Yeah, so what I see, you know, in 35 countries, particularly the leadership of Ibrahim Traore. Ibrahim Traore, ibrahim Traore in Bukin Afaso is Nkrumah never dies. The spirit of Nkrumah is living in these countries.

Speaker 1: 33:59

When we see in Ghana now, even Ghana, which you know the home, particularly in Nkrumah's time of Pan-Africanism, but has since lost that fervour and desire, we're in Ghana. Now. There's a reawakening and realisation that this so-called multi-party democracy, this western type democracy that we've imbibed on, has not worked and that new forces are beginning to emerge in Ghana which are hoping to challenge the two big parties in Ghana, namely the NPP and the NDC. And so we see former NPP member Alan Che Matting and his Butterfly Movement for Change. We also see Cheddar man, nana Kwame Bediakon, nana Kwame Bediakon and his movement, his Ghana Force movement. And we also see others, you know, like Kofi Kranten and others, who are leading the dialogue for change, all based on Nkrumahism, all based on this issue or this assertion that Nkrumah never dies.

Speaker 1: 35:26

So Nkrumah may have gone a long, long time ago, but his vision for Ghana, his vision for Africa is, like I said, more relevant today than what it was when Kwame Nkrumah started his drive for liberation of Ghana and Africa in the late 40s and 50s, and so on this Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day, it is very, very important that we appreciate and understand that Kwame Nkrumah is with us in spirit.

Speaker 1: 36:00

He may not be there in the flesh, but his spirit lives on and definitely his ideology lives on and Nkrumah never dies. So we say Nkrumah never dies and we we, we see the re-emergence of uh the know use Nkrumah as model, as a template for wanting to change Ghana for the better. And so you know, this is why we're saying Ghana Nkrumah never dies. The man may have died a long time ago, but his spirit and, more importantly, the ideology of Kwaimungkuma is alive with us today, and so I hope that you enjoy Kwaimungkuma Memorial Day and, if you are in Ghana, please go to the Kwaimungkuma Muslim. It's a fantastic edifice and you will learn a lot and find out about more about the man, the ideology and also what his legacy is for Ghana and Africa.

Speaker 1: 37:23

And so I thank you for listening to this special edition of Ghana in Focus with myself, kwame why Nkrumah never dies. If you like what you hear again, please share to your friends, family, social media networks. Please subscribe to Ghana Africa in Focus on YouTube and on Spotify. If you'd like to donate to the show to help us continue to make fantastic content from Ghana, from Africa, you can donate as little as three US dollars a month, 10% of our costs and also our, you know wanting to bring you that great content for you. And so, from myself, kwame, and from the crew here on Ghana In Focus, thank you very much for listening, and we'll see you in the next edition of Ghana Africa In Focus.